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1.
Clinics ; 68(8): 1134-1139, 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-685437

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein as a novel biomarker for mortality in patients with severe sepsis. METHODS: We prospectively included patients with severe sepsis or septic shock at the emergency department at a single tertiary referral teaching hospital. All of the patients were enrolled within the first 24 hours of emergency department admission, and clinical data and blood samples were obtained. As the primary outcome, we investigated the association of serum levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein and 96-hour mortality with logistic regression analysis and generalized estimating equations adjusted for age, sex, shock status and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. RESULTS: Patients with septic shock had lower alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels at the time of emergency department admission compared to patients without shock (respectively, 149.1 ±42.7 vs. 189.8 ±68.6; p = 0.005). Similarly, non-survivors in the first 96 hours were also characterized by lower levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein at the time of emergency department admission compared to survivors (respectively, 132.18 ±50.2 vs. 179.8 ±61.4; p = 0.01). In an adjusted analysis, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels ≤120 mg/dL were significantly associated with 96-hour mortality (odds ratio = 14.37; 95% confidence interval = 1.58 to 130.21). CONCLUSION: Septic shock patients exhibited lower circulating alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels than patients without shock. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels were independently associated with 96-hour mortality in individuals with severe sepsis. .


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Orosomucoid/analysis , Sepsis/blood , Sepsis/mortality , Age Factors , APACHE , Brazil , Biomarkers/blood , Hospital Mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Logistic Models , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Sex Factors , Time Factors
2.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 43(3): 249-257, jul.-set. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588290

ABSTRACT

Delirium, também conhecido como estado confusional agudo é uma alteração cognitiva definida por início agudo, curso flutuante, distúrbios da consciência, atenção, orientação, memória, pensamento, percepção e comportamento. É condição cada vez mais comum entre pacientes hospitalizados e acomete, preferencialmente, pacientes idosos e debilitados. Trata-se de emergência médica, já sendo comprovadas maiores taxas de mortalidade, maior tempo de internação e maiores índices de institucionalização quando do episódio de delirium. O mecanismo fisiopatológico ainda não está bem definido, sendo a alteração na neurotransmissão o mecanismo mais provável. A abordagem do paciente deve incluir a identificação de fatores predisponentes e precipitantes, com intervenções adequadas a cada um visando à resolução do quadro. Apresenta-se por alteração do nível de consciência, déficit de atenção e outros distúrbios da cognição, podendo se apresentar na forma hiperativa, hipoativa ou mista. Apesar de já estar bem definido, por diversas vezes passa despercebido aos profissionais de saúde. A principal medida na abordagem de delirium é a prevenção, e são necessárias medidas institucionais e treinamento dos profissionais de saúde. O tratamento não-farmacológico consiste em medidas que evitem os fatores responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento do delirium, sendo a primeira opção na abordagem inicial. O tratamento farmacológico se reserva aos pacientes com agitação importante, com risco de trauma físico, e que não apresentem resposta às medidas não-farmacológicas. Por sua frequência e importância como fator prognóstico, o delirium deve ser abordado de forma sistematizada, com a elaboração de fluxogramas de atendimento e definição de medidas uniformizadas para cada instituição.


Delirium, also known as acute confusional state is a cognitive impairment defined by acute onset and fluctuating course, disturbance of consciousness, attention, orientation, memory, thought, perception and behavior. It is an increasingly common condition among hospitalized patients and more frequent in, elderly and debilitated patients. It is a medical emergency, already proven higher death rates, longer hospitalization and higher rates of institutionalization due the occurrence of delirium. The pathophysiologic mechanism is not yet well established, with the change in neurotransmission most probably involved. Management of patients should include identification of risk factors and precipitants, with appropriate interventions aimed at each resolution. It is presented by altered level of consciousness, attention deficit and other disorders of cognition, which may present as hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed. Although well defined, several times delirium goes unrecognized by health professionals. The main measure in addressing delirium is prevention, with institutional measures required as well as training of health professionals. Non-pharmacological treatment consists of measures to prevent the factors responsible for the development of delirium, and is the first option in the initial approach. Pharmacological treatment is reserved for patients with major upheaval, with the risk of physical trauma, and presenting no response to non-pharmacological measures. For the frequency and importance as a prognostic factor, delirium should be approached systematically, with flowcharting care and defining standardized measures for each institution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Delirium/etiology , Delirium/physiopathology , Delirium/therapy , Risk Factors
3.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 43(3): 223-230, jul.-set. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588287

ABSTRACT

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) é altamente prevalente e permanece como grande problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Exacerbações são eventos característicos da história natural desta doença e estão associados com significante morbidade e mortalidade. A presente revisão aborda aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos da exacerbação aguda da DPOC.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly prevalent and remains a major public health problem worldwide. Exacerbations are characteristic events in the natural course of this disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This article reviews diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of acute exacerbations of COPD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Risk Factors , Pulmonary Ventilation
4.
Medicina (Ribeiräo Preto) ; 43(2): 126-133, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588282

ABSTRACT

Doença crônica degenerativa incurável é uma causa maior de disfunção, aflição, sofrimento, e, por último, morte. Isso é fato para várias causas de câncer, doenças neurológicas, AIDS e outras disfunções de órgãos vitais. Quando a cura não é possível, como frequentemente não é, o alívio do sofrimento torna-se o principal objetivo da medicina. O conhecimento e a aceitação desse axioma é o cerne da filosofia, ciência e prática da medicina paliativa.


Chronic progressive incurable illness is a major cause of disability, distress, suffering, and, ultimately,death. This is true for many causes of cancer, progressive neurologic disorders, AIDS, and other disordersof vital organs. When cure in not possible, as often it is not, the relief of suffering is the cardinal goal of medicine. The knowledge and the acceptance of this axiom is the heart of the philosophy, science, and practice of palliative medicine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Chronic Disease , Death
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